| 其他摘要 | Atmospheric aerosol particles have been proven to produce major impacts on human health and climate. So, researching the chemical and physical characteristics of the total suspended particles (TSP) is importance. Guiyang is one of the most seriously polluted cities by coal combustion in all China with exceptionally high levels of ambient gaseous SO2. However the air quality had been becoming better in lately years, the atmospheric polluted problem in Guiyang was also compare severity.
Total suspended particles (TSP) samples were collected from an urbanized area(Guiyang, SW China) during the period January to December 2005 and were analyzed for major inorganic ions—F-, Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, K+, Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+. A systemic analysis of seasonal variations of total suspended particles (TSP) and wate-soluble components in TSP by using available local meteorological data (temperature, wend speed, rainfall and relative humidity). Some principal conclusions that can be drawn from this study are presented as follows:
1. The mass concentrations of the TSP matter were 36.91-313.44µgm-3, the average mass concentrations was 106.60µgm-3. The molar concentrations of the water-soluble inorganic ions showed a trend SO42-> NH4+> Ca2+ > NO3-> K+ > Na+> Cl-> Mg2+ > F-. SO42- and NH4+ were the dominant ionic species, which accounted for 37% and 30% of the total mol of ions, respectively. The TSP and water-soluble inorganic ions displayed clear seasonal trends, winter to Summer ratios of TSP, Cl-,SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, K+, Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ were 1.29,5.23,1.35,2.37,1.73,1.22,1.84,1.23 and 1.02, respectively.
2. The water-soluble inorganic ions show a seasonal variation pattern by the influence of temperature, the temperature higher the mass concentrations of water-soluble inorganic ions higher in winter, the temperature higher the concentrations of water-soluble inorganic ions lower in summer. See from the whole in the year, temperature and water-soluble inorganic ions have weak negative relativity, it is that the air temperature increasing the mass concentrations of water-soluble inorganic ions descending. The relationship between relative humidity and TSP show an obvious inverse correlation.，go up with the temperature, the mass concentrations descend. A weak inverse relationship between TSP and wind speed shows the major effect of wind speed to TSP are diffusion and dilution functions, but the re-suspended function is not obvious. The major influence of rainfall to TSP is wet scavenging, so the mass concentrations of TSP and water-soluble inorganic ions in TSP are higher in not rainy than rainy. The primary meteorological parameters to influence TSP、Ca2+、Mg2+ and F- are relative humidity (RH)and wind speed, for SO42-, NO3-, NH4+ and Cl- is temperature.
3. The equivalent concentration ratio of Q (Q=∑[ion+]/∑[ion-], mean=0.82) and the frequency distributions of pH (mean=6.27)indicate that water-soluble components in TSP were weakly acidic most days of 2005 in Guiyang, the high levels of SO42- is the key to lead the water-soluble components appear to be in an acidity mode.
4. The correlation coefficient between SO42－ and NH4+ is the highest(R=0.85), and the molar ratio of NH4+/SO42- is 0.8, indicating that the form of NH4+ in TSP is (NH4)2SO4. The correlation coefficient between Ca2+ and Mg2+ is higher(R=0.72), and their variety are similar indicate that both Ca2+ and Mg2+ have same source.
5. The ration of SO42-/ Ca2+ is (mean=13.64) 20 times for the background ration of clean continent indicate that the air pollution is mainly resulted by artificial factor. In Guiyang the ration of NO3-/ SO42- in TSP ranged 0.01~0.58 (averaging 0.15), suggesting that stationary source emissions are more important than the move source emissions (example vehicle). |
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