| 其他摘要 | 月球线性构造是月球科学研究中的重要组成部分，建立月球线性构造分类体系是月球地质图编研的关键。从Apollo时代到目前为止，前人对月球线性构造的分类研究主要是基于月表的形貌特征，但是限于各观测数据的精度和认识的不同，对线性构造的划分存在多解性，划分的线性构造类型参差不齐，尚未形成一个公认的、规范的、具有普适性的线性构造分类体系，以至于分类结果的可对比性差、参考性和易操作性较低，不利于月球线性构造纲要图的编制。同时，由于对线性构造的成因机制、几何特征、运动方式、动力学演化机制考虑不全，导致线性构造的概念混乱、术语不统一，存在“同物异名、同词异义、异词同义、涵义不明”的现象，不利于全球性的统一制图和成果的展示及使用。所以，重新厘清线性构造的类型以及建立统一规范的线性构造分类体系是必要的。这不仅有助于月球线性构造纲要图的编制，而且可以完善月球的地质构造演化体系，为进一步认识月球现状、揭示月球起源和演化提供理论基础。本文在系统总结前人研究成果的基础上，从线性构造的提出、演化和发展入手，对月球线性构造研究中存在的问题进行概要论述；从线性构造应用的角度出发，以为编制月球线性构造纲要图提供理论依据为宗旨，综合分析线性构造的形貌特征、成因机制以及物质组成，采用多指标组合的分类方法，构建以形貌特征、成因机制和物质组成为指标的新的月球线性构造分类体系，同时利用多源遥感数据建立了易于判别且代表性极强的线性构造识别标志，最终服务于月球数字地质图的编研。最后，选取月球LQ-19地区作为研究样区，按照新建的线性构造分类体系和解译标志，使用形貌、成分、DEM等多源探测数据，编制了典型样区的线性构造纲要图并进行了必要的统计分析。通过本文的研究工作，得出以下3点结论：（1）基于线性构造的成因机制和形貌特征，兼顾物质组成差异，结合月球的动力学环境，根据主导构造应力来源和作用方式的不同，将月球上不同形态、不同性质、不同等级和序次，但在动力学机制上具有密切成生联系的线性构造类型划分为：内动力地质作用形成的线性构造，包括皱脊、月溪、地堑、区域应力断裂；外动力地质作用形成的线性构造，包括坑缘断裂和坑底断裂，以及多成因机制、多动力来源作用形成的特殊类型如坑链等。采用多指标组合建立的月球线性构造分类新体系，可使庞杂、多样的月球线性构造类型条理化、系统化，避免了单以形貌特征为依据来分类出现的混乱状态，因而具有较好的科学性和实用性。（2）利用多分辨率、多波段、多时相、多信息源的多种遥感数据，根据月球线性构造类型划分的新方案，建立了易于判别且代表性极强的线性构造解译标志，具有较强的适用性和操作性，可为全球线性构造的统一制图提供典型参考。（3）选取月球LQ-19地区为研究样区，使用新近的多源遥感数据及其他己有的月球地质资料，以GIS为制图平台，对区内线性构造进行提取，编制了典型样区的线性构造纲要图。通过对区内线性构造的统计分析发现，本次线性构造解译结果与前人的研究成果一致，区内线性构造的优选方位是NE与NW向，缺少EW向的线性构造分布。验证了线性构造分类体系的合理性以及线性构造解译标志的实用性，从而明确了月球线性构造纲要图的制图流程及编图技术，为后续全球性的统一制图奠定了基础。; The lineament is an important component of scientific research of the moon. Building the classification system of the lunar lineament is the key of studying of geological map of the moon. From the age of Apollo to now, the predecessors study the classification of lunar lineament on the basis of morphology features of lunar surface, however, because of the accuracy of observation data and difference of acknowledge, people think there are multiple solutions of the classification and various types of lineament. We still not form an accepted, normative and general classification system of the lineament, which results in bad chronotaxy, reference and operability and goes against the mapping of the outline map of lunar lineament. At the same time, the incomplete about formation mechanism, geometrical characteristic, mode of motion and dynamic evolution mechanism of lineament can lead to confusion of conception and disunity of the terms about the lineament. There are also phenomenon that synonym, different meanings of the same words, different words of the same meanings and misty of conception exists, which is disadvantage of the show and use about the global and unitive mapping and achievement. Therefore, it is necessary to reclarifying the types of lineament and rebuilding the classification system of lineament, which not only contribute to the mapping of the outline map of lunar lineament, but also perfect lunar geological tectonic evolution system, and provides theoretical basis to know more about current situation of the moon and to reveal origin and evolution of the moon.This paper is on the basis of summarizing previous research result, starting with propose, evolution and development of lineament, discussing some problems about the studying of lineament. We are also from the application of lineament, for the purpose of affording theoretical foundation to the mapping of the outline map of lunar lineament, analyzing morphology features, formation mechanism and material composition, using multiple index combination classification methods to build a new classification system of lunar lineament. We use multi-source remote sensing data to build several easy to recognize and representative signs, which serves the mapping of digital geological map of the moon. This paper chooses LQ-19 of the moon as study sample, using the new classification system and interpretation mark with morphology, composition and DEM data, experimentally mapping typical sample outline map of lunar lineament and making some necessary statistical analysis. Through the work of this paper, we get are as below:(1) On the basis of formation mechanism, morphology features and material composition, combining lunar dynamic environment and different main tectonic stress and the mode of action, we divide different morphology, nature, level and order into different types, which are closely associated on the dynamic mechanics, into different types of lineament. Basically as the following categories: lineaments with endogenic geologic process, like wrinkle ridge, rimae, graben, and regional stress fracture; lineament with exogenic geologic process, including crater rim fracture and crater floor fracture; and some special lineament with multiple formation mechanism and power source role, like crater chain. The new classification system of lunar lineament with multi index combination method make complex and various classification types methodization and systematization, avoiding confused situation if use morphology features simply as index. Therefore this classification system have a better scientificity and praticability.(2) According to the new scheme of classification types of lunar lineament, we use multi-resolution, multi-band, multi-phase, and multi-information sources to build several easy to recognize and representative signs, which has strong applicability and operability and provide a typical reference to the unity mapping of global lineament.(3) We choose LQ-19 as the sample area, use recently multi-source remote sensing data and other already existing geological data of moon, extract the lineaments of LQ-19, and experimentally map the outline map of lunar lineament with GIS as mapping platform. Through the statistical analysis to the lineaments, we discovered that the interpretation results are the same as before, the preferred orientation of the lineaments in the region is NE and NW, and the lineaments of EW is absent, which verifies the rationality of classification system and applicability of interpretation mark. This result also definite the drawing process and mapping technology of the outline map of lunar lineament, and lay the foundation for the subsequent global unity mapping. |
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